The DropBot system is described in detail in "Fobel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 193513 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4807118". If you use this information in work that you publish, please cite as appropriate.

Panelizing PCBs with gerbmerge


When you’re ordering small batches of PCBs, it is often cheaper to merged the gerber files for several board designs onto a single panel. We do this using a tool called gerbmerge. If you download the electronics zip file from the wiki, it contains a sub-directory called merged gerbers which contains gerber files for a multi-project panel composed of several copies of the various DropBot PCBs. If you want to change the contents of this panel or it’s size, you can edit the file merged gerbers/layout.cfg.


The default panel size is 14.5″ and 10″, but you can change this by editing the lines:

PanelWidth = 14.5
PanelHeight = 10

Each board design is represented by a section in the layout.cfg file. For example, the section for the control board is included below. To change the number of copies of any of the boards in the panel, you can simply modify it’s respective Repeat = x line, where x can be any number (including 0).

[control-board]

# You can set any options you like to make generating filenames easier, like
# Prefix. This is just a helper option, not a reserved name. Note, however,
# that you must write %(prefix)s below, in ALL LOWERCASE.
#
# Note how we are making use of the ‘projdir’ string defined way up at the top
# in the [DEFAULT] section to save some typing. By setting ‘projdir=somedir’
# the expression ‘%(projdir)s/proj1’ expands to ‘somedir/proj1’.
Prefix=%(projdir)s/dmf_control_board/gerber/control-board

# List all the layers that participate in this job. Required layers are Drills
# and BoardOutline and have no ‘*’ at the beginning. Optional layers have
# names chosen by you and begin with ‘*’. You should choose consistent layer
# names across all jobs.
*TopLayer=%(prefix)s-Component.gtl
*BottomLayer=%(prefix)s-Copper.gbl
*TopSilkscreen=%(prefix)s-F_SilkS.gto
*TopSoldermask=%(prefix)s-F_Mask.gts
*BottomSilkscreen=%(prefix)s-B_SilkS.gbo
*BottomSoldermask=%(prefix)s-B_Mask.gbs
Drills=%(prefix)s.drl
BoardOutline=%(prefix)s-Edge_Cuts.gbr

# If this job does not have drill tool sizes embedded in the Excellon file, it
# needs to have a separate tool list file that maps tool names (e.g., ‘T01’) to
# tool diameter. This may be the global tool list specified in the [Options]
# section with the ToolList parameter. If this job doesn’t have embedded tool
# sizes, and uses a different tool list than the global one, you can specify it
# here.
#ToolList=proj1.drl

# If this job has a different ExcellonDecimals setting than the global setting
# in the [Options] section above, it can be overridden here.
#ExcellonDecimals = 3

# You can set a ‘Repeat’ parameter for this job when using automatic placement
# (i.e., no *.def file) to indicate how many times this job should appear in
# the final panel. When using manual placement, this option is ignored.
Repeat = 2

Once you’ve made your modifications to the layout.cfg file, open a command terminal (press the Windows Key + R, type “cmd”, and press ENTER) and navigate to the merged gerbers directory. Now type “gerbmerge layout.cfg” and press ENTER.



Follow the instructions on the screen (i.e., type “y” and press ENTER). Then the gerbmerge program will read in the gerber files for each of the projects and attempt to place them on the panel. It will keep a running count of the number of placement attempts and the panel area. Once you are happy, you can press CTRL + C to stop the process. If the program cannot fit the designs onto the defined panel size, you will need to go back and modify the layout.cfg file (either reduce the number of designs or increase the panel’s dimensions). For more information on viewing the resulting gerber files and ordering PCBs, refer to the BuildInstructions.



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DropBot v2.1 hardware designs released


We just pushed up the v2.1 hardware designs to the git server. You can find instructions for ordering PCBs and a zip file containing all of the KiCAD, and gerber files on the wiki.

This new design is a minor update to the v2.0 series. The biggest changes are:

  • The new high-voltage switching boards are 2-layer (previously they were 4-layer). This means that they are cheaper to fabricate and can now be ordered on a single panel with the rest of the PCBs.
  • The new high-voltage switching boards have their own microcontroller. Previously they used a general purpose input output (GPIO) chip, which was one of the most difficult chips in the system to solder because it was so tiny! In the future, having a microcontroller on these boards will make it possible to add new functionality.
  • All surface mount capacitors/resistors now have a minimum size of 1206 (previously, some of the capacitors were much smaller and more difficult to solder manually).
  • All of the boards now have hardware support for in-system programming (meaning that in the future, it will be possible to flash the firmware for all of the microcontrollers over a single USB cable automatically).

If you have any questions/comments, post them to the dev list. If anyone gets boards assembled using the stencil reference numbers, let us know; we’re curious to see how that works out.

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DropBots in the wild


About a month ago, we received an email from Markus Haapala from the University of Helsinki with some photos of their newly built DropBot system. This represents an exciting milestone for us as the first DropBot built outside of the Wheeler Lab! We’ve started a wiki page where we are hoping that people can link to websites/blogs/photos documenting their builds. We’ve also started a map to keep track of where other DropBots systems are out there.

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University of Toronto article on DropBot workshop


DropBot workshop
The University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science just posted a nice writeup on their homepage featuring on our recent workshop.

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Workshop wrap-up


We just wrapped up our first DropBot workshop where we hosted 13 researchers from Brazil, England, Norway, Estonia, Taiwain, the United States, and Canada. Day 1 began with an introduction to Digital Microfluidics by Aaron Wheeler (slides). Then Ryan Fobel presented an overview of the DropBot system (slides) and led participants through the assembly of a system and installation of the Microdrop software on their computers. We finished the first afternoon with a couple of hours of hands-on time with 5 of the Wheeler lab’s previously built DropBots, a lab tour, and dinner and drinks at a local restaurant/pub.


Day 2 focused on DropBot hardware and software development. Christian Fobel gave an introduction to interfacing with hardware devices using IPython and a newly designed extension module board that makes it easy to prototype new sensors and actuators for the DropBot system. In the afternoon, he demonstrated the integration of these new hardware devices into a Microdrop plugin.


For those people who were unable to make it to the workshop, we’ll post videos and updates to the build instructions in the coming weeks. If you want to hear about upcoming hardware/software releases, join the announcement mailing list and for help building your own DropBot system or if you’re interested in participating in future development, join the dev list.

A big thank you to all of the participants and to members of the Wheeler lab who helped out tremendously. Overall, we think that the workshop was a great success and based on the feedback from participants, we are hoping to see a few more DropBots in the wild in the near future!

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DropBot workshop July 14-15th, 2014


University of Toronto
Come join us this summer to learn to build and operate your very own DropBot system! We’re planning to host up to 15 people to at the University of Toronto for two full days of hands-on training. Checkout the website for more details and to register.

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Grand Challenges Canada Proposal


grand_challengesEach year, an estimated 110,000 children are born with Congenital Rubella Syndrome and >100,000 die of measles. The diagnostic labs required to monitor and combat these diseases perform 2 million tests per year, and the associated costs present a major obstacle to the elimination of these diseases. We just applied for a grant with Grand Challenges Canada that would involve developing a field-deployable version of DropBot for point-of-care immunoassays targeting measles and rubella. This could facilitate a distributed surveillance network that would significantly reduce the cost of vaccination programs and allow for quick responses to outbreaks.

This project builds on our expertise in immunoassays on DMF [1, 2] and our recently published paper-based DMF devices [3], which use inkjet printing of silver nanoparticles to significantly reduce the cost of device fabrication. Please take a minute to check out our video and “Like” our application.

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Announcing DropBot 2.0


DropBot_systemWe just released version 2.0 of the DropBot hardware. The new system is completely redesigned to be more compact, easier to build and offers many performance improvements. Over the next few weeks, we’ll be posting detailed instructions for people who want to build their own.

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Open Hardware Summit


cropped-ohs1Edit: slides from the presentation are available here.
Ryan will be speaking and demoing DropBot at MIT on September 6th as part of the 2013 Open Hardware Summit.

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